Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition that affects the airways in the lungs, making it difficult to breathe. It is characterized by inflammation, tightening of muscles around the airways (bronchoconstriction), and excess mucus production. These changes narrow the airways, leading to common symptoms such as wheezing, coughing (especially at night or early morning), shortness of breath, and chest tightness.

Asthma can be triggered by a variety of factors including allergens (like dust mites, pollen, and pet dander), air pollution, cold air, respiratory infections, exercise, and stress. Some people may have mild asthma that occurs only occasionally, while others may have more persistent and severe symptoms that require daily management.

There is no permanent cure for asthma, but with proper treatment, people with asthma can lead healthy, active lives. Treatment usually includes two types of medications: controller medications (such as inhaled corticosteroids) taken daily to reduce airway inflammation, and reliever or rescue inhalers (like short-acting beta-agonists) used during an asthma attack to open up the airways quickly.

Asthma is commonly diagnosed through a physical examination, medical history, and breathing tests like spirometry. Identifying and avoiding triggers, taking medications as prescribed, and monitoring symptoms are key to managing asthma effectively.

In severe cases, asthma attacks can be life-threatening and may require emergency medical attention. Therefore, it is important for asthma patients to have an action plan, know their triggers, and regularly consult a healthcare provider.

With increased awareness and proper care, asthma can be well controlled. Education and support are essential to help individuals recognize symptoms early, adhere to treatment, and maintain good lung health. Regular check-ups and lifestyle adjustments, such as avoiding smoke and allergens, can significantly reduce asthma complications.